19-10-2010, 21:23
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חבר מתאריך: 01.08.05
הודעות: 12,666
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צי גרמני בין המלחמות.
בתגובה להודעה מספר 1 שנכתבה על ידי האזרח שמתחילה ב "כרונולוגיה של מלחמת העולם 2 מנקודת המבט הפולנית"
http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=666
תרגמתי לאנגלית דרך GOOGLE.TRANSLATE
[Polish to English translation
Pocket battleship Deutschland type
Built in the interwar period German warships type Deutschland certainly belong to one of the most interesting and original design armored units used during World War II. It deserves attention because of their use, as well as structural solutions, which were used for their construction.
At the end of World War I the German state had a right to own naval forces, effectively truncated by the Entente countries and suitable only for defensive action. Their core was eight battleships and the types of Braunschweig Deutschland, which came from the early twentieth century, and eight light cruisers, belonging to the types Gazelle and Bremen, and 32 destroyers and torpedo boats (with 16 units) and 36 minesweepers. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles these ships could be replaced after a specified period of service - in the case of light units for 15 years, and the cruisers and battleships after 20 years. However, their successors were characterized by a much weaker tactical and technical parameters, compared to their British or French counterparts.
Initial work studialno and design related to construction of the successors of the battleships began operating in 1924, when the command Reichsmarine started a debate on this issue. The main places of the dispute were two issues - the tasks facing the new ships and the propulsion system. In the 20 Germany took place in a lively discussion on this issue, according to the votes of the successors of the battleships should be exploited with modern battleships, coastal defense - while maintaining the limits were imposed to have the characteristics by which contribute to the protection of Germany from the sea (in support of the light cruisers and destroyers), plus have a cheaper alternative with adequate firepower (comparable to units that were replaced). The second of the parties believed that the successor type battleships Brunswick and Germany should be modern, large, floating the possibility of having to operate in open ocean waters, and have sufficient operational range - while maintaining restrictions on the treaty were to have a modern artillery, allowing cruisers to deal with potential adversaries.
Launching a battleship Deutschland
Just as in the case of general characteristics, the dispute was going on around the propulsion system of new units - on the one hand they wanted to apply the standard, then, a system consisting of a coal-fired boilers supplying steam to steam turbines and, secondly, to use diesel engines. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages: in the case of boilers have been very helpful by Germany's own coal deposits as well as experience in operating this type of gym, minus the out-of-concept and addressing its large amount of space in the hull in the case of diesel engines at the pros certainly you could save a modern design solutions and smaller sizes and even the ability to place fuel in tanks of passive shields przeciwtorpedowej, certainly among the minuses indicate the need for fuel imports, high levels of vibration, lower technical reliability (compared to the turbines) and the lack of experience in the construction and operating at such large ships.
Finally, in the years 1924-1927 were compiled seven major projects, each with several varieties of which was to be selected for execution. Among them are both coastal defense battleships (four projects) and a large, ocean, ships that combine with British battleship Washington. Let us briefly notice those first.
Projects coastal defense battleships
In the years 1924 to 1926, designers have prepared for the command of four projects Reichsmarine successors operated ships, which in their vision has been replaced by battleships to defend the coast. All four of them characterized by overall length from 124 to 141 meters and the maximum speed from 19 to 24 knots. Designers have proposed the two propulsion systems (boilers with steam turbines and diesel engines) and armor within the limits of 25-30 mm (deck armor) and 180-300 mm (belt flatbed). Armament was to consist of a cannon caliber from 305 to 380 mm, which was planned to put in the towers and two trójlufowych. In addition to the main weapons, each of the projects envisaged to install medium artillery in the form of 150 mm caliber guns, and heavy anti-aircraft artillery, in the form of guns caliber 88 or 105 mm. Each project also assumed to have torpedo tubes, put a model structure of the early twentieth century in the hull under the waterline.
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