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21-12-2010, 20:50
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חבר מתאריך: 01.08.05
הודעות: 12,666
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מאמר על קורנט (תרגמתי ע"י GOOGLE לאנגלית)
Counter Cornets Krizantiema
Tomasz Szulc
Notwithstanding the enormous quantitative and sometimes qualitative advantage in the armor of any potential adversary, the Soviet Union is not neglected in the development of anti-tank weapons. Considered, of course, that the anti-tank best suited to tanks, but invested considerable money and other means of anti-tank, starting from the minute, and lufowej and missile anti-tank artillery ending. Even NATO states, counting continuously from the eventuality of attack from the Warsaw Pact, which would need to halt the attack of tens of thousands of tanks and a similar amount of other armored vehicles, have not developed many types of antitank missiles, AS USSR. In addition to arming the no helicopters, infantry combat vehicles and construction of lightweight portable launchers in the Soviet Union developed and mass-produced rocket-propelled antitank guided missiles ( ppk ) on the chassis of wheeled and tracked. For several decades, the standard bearer for them were the family of armored vehicles BRDM. Mounted rocket launchers on them 3M6, 9M14M, 9M17, 9MIll/9MI13 ... Only the complex with rockets 9Ml14 assault proved to be too large for the BRDM (although there was apparently a prototype launcher on the chassis) and placed it on the crawler transporter MTLB. Its design differed sharply from the previous solutions in which the launcher, ready to launch there were a few missiles ( from 3 to 6), which provided a reduction to the minimum time between successive odpaleniami, ready to launch, but then required a much longer time to reload the entire launcher (9P148 launcher outside, where all five containers filled with rockets were loaded onto the rails at the same time). In the case of assault launcher 9P149-S in readiness for a launch was just a rocket, but the reload folding guide took less than 10 seconds and had already been done during the previous odpalonego missile guidance systems. This was made possible through the use of wireless radiokomendowego guiding missiles on target.
When in the mid 80s decided to develop the next generation "missile destroyers, tanks," it was considered that they should be tracked, the unified chassis cars with conventional warfare. Were taken into account MTLB successor, prepared in Kharkov, vehicles BMP- 3 and BMD-3, and tracked vehicle of the Volgograd Tractor Factory. In assessing the severity of all these structures and their production outlook as the most appropriate launcher was installed on the chassis of BMP-3 and BMD-3. However, since the airborne troops were not interested in increasing the diversity of the park their cars fighting (which is totally logical given that the desantowaniu they work in isolation and little hope is to target different armored vehicles against an appropriate purpose for them), as the primary carrier selected BMP -3. This relatively large vehicle, weighing from 1919 to 1920 tons of fighting, has excellent traction qualities: a top speed of 65 km / h, flying with a considerable supply of water displacement at a speed of 10 km / h and no additional fuel tanks has a range of 650 km.
Development of a new missile system for a vehicle to address the two companies: Instruments Design Bureau (KBP) from Tula Design Bureau, and Machines (KBM) with Kołomny , whose work was almost all the earlier Soviet ppk . It is not clear whether it was from the beginning to the competition. Some sources say that the same media name to install two systems: rockets with a slightly lower performance for batalionowych and anti-tank regiment subunits. and with larger rockets for the divisional and sub-units boby (repeating the role 9PI48 launchers and 149). Today, however, both solutions are treated as competing with each other.
The first of the companies decided to go earlier and proven way to install the BMP-3 gun her latest, universal 9M133 Kornet antitank missiles. Previously, it was constructed for a very simple and convenient to use a portable launcher 9P163, that repeated developmental path from legacy systems, from a tiny beginning. The vehicle was removed 9P162 tower and replaced it with a flat platform on which are mounted two folding guides missiles.Missiles are fired from the container runways which guides take two drums placed horizontally under the tower and rotating with it through 210 °. Each drum is located at 6 missiles, the stock of which may be added manually from inside the car, in which there are still four more rounds. Procedure for transmission only takes a few seconds, and in the retracted position all the elements of launchers are fully protected against mechanical damage. Block aiming devices, hidden in a rotating, armored housing is located above the operator's position at the front of the car. The optical instruments, in addition to sight and laser rangefinder day / index may enter the thermal imaging night sight IPN79 a range of 2500 m or higher (from the 9K129 Komet-T) type of coverage IPN80 3500 m, lower weight (6.5 to 8 kg ) and the increased longevity of continuous operation (from 6 to 8 h by using an independent power supply).
The crew of the vehicle consists of three persons: Commander of the starboard side, the driver and operator in the middle of the left side. In practice, however, the crew is double and sometimes occupied the right seat only in the cars battery and squadron commanders. The construction of all the mechanisms inside the vehicle is functional and well thought out, although it is impossible to resist the impression that they pomieściłyby and much less extensive hull.
An additional advantage of launchers is that the module can be quickly dismantled guidance and put on a standard tripod, transported inside the vehicle, creating a launcher wynośną .
Sam has a rocket shape and structure, typical of the new generation of ppk from KBP. Has a range of 5.5 kilometers and is guided by a laser beam, which belongs to the type beamrider . This makes it much less vulnerable to disruption caused by rain, smoke etc. than missiles, homing in on the reflected laser light from the target (such as the Hellfire ). Directing the aerodynamic surfaces in front of the fuselage are driven by wind motors with semi-open design, lighter, simpler and better adapted to the changing dynamics of flight than classical. Tandem head allows cumulative destruction of vehicles, armor sheltered segment, or fitted with guards reactive. Mass of the explosive charge is 40% greater than carried by much heavier projectile 9MI14. Caliber 152 mm rockets, it means that the main load is unable to penetrate the armor of a thickness of more than 1000 mm. The coincidence of this caliber with a typical Russian artillery caliber has given rise to suggestions that it may also be run from the department, which has not yet been confirmed. Other analysts have gone in their assumptions even further, suggesting that such a caliber Korneta means that the future will have a Russian tank has 152 mm caliber and will be the same caliber of work / launcher for BMP-4. But it is hard to assess whether such a far-reaching speculations are at least partly justified.
An alternative proposed by the company KBM. Its design is derived from solutions, proven in the 9P149 launcher. Also the development of a missile is undoubtedly proven 9M114. Differences in the design of launchers are not significant. First of all movable arm has two guides, and raises the drum feeder simultaneously carried two of the 15 missiles. Secondly, the radar guidance system, working in the millimeter, has a much larger antenna, which is also used for search and tracking purposes. For the first time in the event of launch terrestrial steps towards the implementation of the principles of "fire and forget '. The role of the operator may simply choose to, detected by the radar and missile firing, and a further target tracking and missile guidance is automatic. It is, however, that goal was all the time in the field of view launchers, which makes it impossible to hide, and even speeding (radar antenna is probably not stabilized).
Additionally, the launcher 9P 157-2 installed in the laser beam generator, leads, and each has a double 9M123 missile guidance systems: radiokomendowy and laser. It is assumed that the primary radar system is detecting and radiokomendowego guidance, a laser system are included in the event of any disturbance.Particularly important targets can be attacked by two missiles in succession, naprowadzanymi in different ways.However it is not possible to switch from one to another way of guiding the projectile in flight. Also, thus the operator indicates that laser guidance is of secondary importance - the desktop is on the side, the operator of the complex and breaks it down only when needed. In addition, each desktop has its own joystick , and their shape and placement of control buttons are also different.
Can therefore be assumed that laser guidance is really secondary, if not very primitive to display on the small screen of the radar equipment. This means that the operator must first detect and identify the target using optical instruments (indeed coupled with laser), then run the tracking radar, and if problems re-enter the observation of optical and laser target highlight. The only advantage is the possibility of non-inclusion of the laser (though it also serves as the base model, doubling the function of the radar), so that the enemy tank will not be warned aboutopromieniowaniu . Coherent light detectors are in fact now the standard for combat vehicles, and warning devices before irradiation beam microwaves are not mounted up on the latest battle wagons. However, it seems clear that in the case launcher 9P157-2, all these components should be incorporated into a single system, and the tactical situation and location of the goals must be visualized on a common, clear screen, while the procedure for guidance, regardless of their chosen methods should be using a single, common joystick .
Similarly, rocket Krizantiemy impresses not quite thought out. While the 9M114 missile complexes, was standardized for the helicopter and ground, so much the new missile is intended only for the army, because helicopters have expanded the use Szturma rocket 9 M120. If the missile were designed for one application, it is not very clear why the scheme was chosen to head nadkalibrową.
Cause an increase in its diameter compared with Its charge is obvious - it is a destruction of the cumulative increase in the strength of the battle. But why not also increased the diameter of the engine, while reducing its length? And again, long and sleek engine was relevant in a helicopter missile, to reduce the resistance of the leading container startup. In the case of construction nadkalibrowej loses it meaning. Drawing on the shape of 9Ml14, including the look and feel of unfolding ballasts is not sufficient justification, the more that fundamentally changed the aerodynamic layout: 9M114 was a "duck" and 9M123 has a classic layout of the controls in the back of the fuselage. This configuration change is justified, the signal receivers and managers, and the pair of folding headset connector, coupling with the missile launcher, located in one module, located behind the engine, the two oblique jets were located behind, and not between the fins, as in 9Ml14 and 9M120.
The obvious advantage of the new missile is its supersonic speed and range, amounting to as much as 6 km, but can not be concluded that for this price is worth to introduce new and niezunifikowany armor-piercing projectile. The more that is not expected to launch his mobile (he could to fire a missile from the rail on the tripod, but it's hard to imagine a portable radar guidance system). Container with bullet is in fact so heavy (probably over 50 kg) for loading the rocket ammo drums Crane developed a special, permanently attached to the starboard side of the vehicle. It maintains the containers from the ground or a platform truck and leave the tray hold bullets.
So you can venture to say that Krizantiema will have a chance in competition with Kornet only when the rocket will become the primary weapons upgraded the Russian combat helicopters, and the launcher itself, or, more accurately, and MM module (at the junction apparatus-operator) guidance system will be radically improved.
There is also a particular strength rockets Krizantiemy that have a variety 9M123F instead of the cumulative charge warhead having a burzącym. Kornet is also called. Missiles termobaryczne , a type of fuel and air.
Another argument in favor for Korneta is the fact that its missiles are no longer here? few years mass-produced and exported (certainly to Syria and the United Emiaratów Emirates, possibly to India). There was a decision to modernize the Russian BMP-l through the installation of a new tower type Kliwer, which are installed in four 9M133 missiles. Also, BMP-2 and BMD-2 can be easily rearm with rockets and 9Ml13 9Mlll the Cornets.Constructed as a light, czteroprowadnicową rocket launcher for 9M133, which can be mounted on almost any type of vehicles, BTR-80 from the American Hummer .
In addition, there is already an anti-missile reportedly connecting head battle with motor 9M133 rocket kit 57E6 anti Pancyr . Such a missile could have a range of more than 10 km, and perhaps it was he who represents a component prepared by the KBP-looking set of Hermes, also located on the chassis of BMP-3. In this case the size of the media remain in right relationship to the size of unit combat, in addition to blocks containing launchers (of 12 containers) is also an extensive apparatus of detecting targets and guidance. The official said about the supply of Hermes in the multi-scale missiles more than 15 km, guided inertia on the part of the trajectory and more actively in its final stretch. Warhead equivalent of trotylowym 33 kg is suitable for not only the destruction of combat vehicles. At the same time talking about the purpose armored combat range at night, at 7 km, which implies the existence of guided missiles półaktywnie .
The concept of using ppk change for sure, if Russia will eventually miniaturized systems for the productionof active radar guidance systems for missiles ground targets. Worked on them in the 60s ( for ballistic ram-l), as well as on the use of radar systems for battlefield surveillance, installed on mobile launchers ppk . A breakthrough in the construction of reliable and truly miniature head made of radar, however, only recently. There has been a significant progress in work on the heads of thermal imagers ( LIR ), used for homing missiles (such probably get a slight head Komet-MR -wide 2500 m).
Missiles with active heads seekers will be able to have a range of several km, but this configuration will be quite big in terms of weight and size, which means that it does not undermine the position of Comet as a bullet feeder. Rather, it will be a duel between Hermes and the eventual development version Krizantiemy . Their Western competitors will undoubtedly rocket Polyphem , relatively large (130 kg) and slow, but controlled by an optical fiber and it had expanded to over 30 km. Not drawn to the prospect of competition for the western 9M133, missiles with a range of more than 3 kilometers, the TOW and HOT are hopelessly outdated and more modern than them, "Bill-2, Javelin , Trigat MR, NT-G have a range of only around 2.5 km.
So all indications are that it remains a prototype launcher 9P157, 9M123 rocket will serve as a base for further modernization of the helicopter missile 9M120, whose production has been recently launched in Izhevsk , and perhaps also with active missile warheads KBM naprowadzającymi. However, the rocket launcher 9M133 9P162 has every chance to enter series production, most likely at plants in Wolsku , which previously produced assaults-S.
Read about Korn on www.army-technology.com/projects/kornet/index.html
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